腹部X光影像是次於理學檢查方便的評估工具。有些特徵需要注意。
時機
X 光片能出現大約在小腸阻塞3到5小時後出現,12小時候開始明顯。
有主要兩點要看:
但是Air/fluid levels 可能出現在機械性小腸阻塞和無動性腸阻塞( adynamic ileus.),此外有另外兩項X光特徵:
dilated small-bowel loops with air/fluid levels with minimal to moderate colonic gas,這代表可能是腸阻塞(尚未完全塞住)也有可能只是non-obstructive ileus。
有主要兩點要看:
其一,脹小腸
X光片呈現 dilated small-bowel loops measuring>3cm in diameter 伴隨 air/fluid levels.(站立的X片)但是Air/fluid levels 可能出現在機械性小腸阻塞和無動性腸阻塞( adynamic ileus.),此外有另外兩項X光特徵:
- Progression of dilation results in a “stepladder” pattern of air/fluid levels
- “string of beads” or “string of pearls” sign: the bowel is predominantly fluid-distended with minimal amounts of air trapped in the valvulae這個在機械性腸阻塞有診斷價值,可用來區別adynamic ileus
- Closed-loop obstruction refers to segmental dilation of bowel due to obstruction at two points. Occasionally a dilated loop is seen to acquire a “coffee bean” shape. Persistence of this dilated loop on serial x-rays should raise suspicion for a closed-loop obstruction.
其二,有無大腸氣
dilated small-bowel loops with air/fluid levels with minimal to moderate colonic gas,這代表可能是腸阻塞(尚未完全塞住)也有可能只是non-obstructive ileus。
但dilated small-bowel loops with 沒有大腸氣,這就真的腸阻塞了,也是阻塞近端有氣,但遠端都沒有氣。
參考資料
目前臨床經驗
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