定義 廔管為在兩表皮化的表面有不正常的通道。 病因 一、術後併發症(75%) 吻合處破裂或滲漏:起因於血液供應不良、張力太大或滲漏、感染造成局部膿瘍。(若吻合時腸道不健康,如感染、缺血、壞死等) 不經意腸道損傷:起因於分沾粘或肚子腹壁吻合時導致 serosal tears或full-thickness tear,而沒有修補。 二、外傷性(traumatic),包含醫源性或意外撞傷 三、自發性(spontaneous) 惡性腫瘤(臍尿管腫瘤 urachal tumor) 破裂的胃潰瘍或十二指腸潰瘍 放射性腸炎造成腸穿孔 腹內膿瘍 IBD (eg, Crohn disease),不過大部份為的restorative proctocolectomy術後的術後併發症。 相關影響因子 自發性關閉的可能因子 End fistulas (eg, those arising from leakage through a duodenal stump after Pólya gastrectomy) Jejunal fistulas Colonic fistulas Continuity-maintained fistulas - These allow the patient to pass stool Small-defect fistulas Long-tract fistulas(more than 2 cm) 無法自發性關閉的因子 若服法解決可能因素,則考慮手術治療 用FRIEND 記憶: Foreign body Radiation Inflammation/infection/inflammatory bowel disease Epithelialization of the fistula tract Neoplasm Distal obstruction - A distal obstruction prevents the spontaneous closure of an ECF, even in the presence of other favorable factors; if present, surgical intervention is needed...